El camino seguido por la hermenéutica analógica representa una perspectiva novedosa entre los planteamientos de las hermenéuticas contemporáneas, que se ha aplicado a distintas áreas. En este volumen se aborda la convergencia de la hermenéutica analógica con algunas de estas disciplinas. La hermenéutica analógica procura entender no solo las humanidades sino las ciencias de un modo que no sea ni meramente univocista ni meramente equivocista, sino analógico; de un modo que no sea ni meramente descriptivo ni meramente prescriptivo, sino interpretativo, (...) para comprender y orientar de acuerdo a la pluralidad de las ciencias. Como dice Mauricio Beuchot, hemos crecido en ciencia y en técnica pero ese crecimiento no ha sido acompañado por un crecimiento en humanismo. Estos trabajos responden al intento de remediar esa situación. (shrink)

Este artículo considera el potencial trabajo cooperativo entre los especialistas en retórica y los neurocientíficos, explorando cómo poner en práctica de manera significativa la investigación retórica en el ámbito de las neurociencias.

La idea de que la filosofía no es un mero ejercicio teórico y abstracto, sino una práctica transformadora que incide en la vida misma y en la construcción de valores, se encuentra en la concepción antigua de la filosofía como arte de vivir (ars vitae o ars vivendi) y en sus desarrollos modernos y contemporáneos. Distintos autores y tradiciones, desde Epicuro y Séneca, Montaigne y Gracián, Schopenhauer y Nietzsche, Heidegger y Sartre, Fromm y Foucault hasta Sloterdijk y Butler, han ofrecido (...) múltiples caracterizaciones de la filosofía del arte de vivir –forma de vida, ejercicio, terapia del alma, cuidado de sí, camino de perfección, pensamiento crítico y creativo, estética de la existencia, búsqueda del sentido, antropotécnica– y han desarrollado conceptos tales como los de compasión, reconocimiento, autenticidad, libertad o autocreación para entender el mundo y desarrollar formas éticas de actuar con sabiduría. (shrink)

El propósito de esta contribución es delinear las principales reflexiones sobre la ética de ciudad surgidas en los últimos años. Para ello se abordan, en primer lugar, las conexiones entre racionalidad práctica, urbanismo y espacio público desde la perspectiva del pragmatismo crítico y de la ciencia social fronética. Estas propuestas nos proporcionan el marco hermenéutico para presentar a continuación algunas de las aproximaciones éticas más relevantes que pueden aplicarse a las ciudades actuales: la ética de las virtudes urbanas, el derecho (...) a la ciudad, el movimiento de la ciudad justa, el giro urbano de la ética, la ética del ambiente construido, la ética del diseño y la conducta medioambiental, el discurso ético sobre el Antropoceno y, por último, la ética de los comunes urbanos, mostrando su complementariedad y significado. Finalmente se resumen las conclusiones más relevantes del estudio, destacando la importancia de fomentar propuestas prácticas en el espacio público para habitar la ciudad de una manera más consciente, orientada a profundizar y fortalecer la democracia y sus fundamentos éticos. (shrink)

Dieser Band formuliert - über den Kontext philosophischer Editionen hinaus - Probleme und Forschungsfragen, die sich in der Edition von Manuskripten zu Vorlesungen, von Nachschriften sowie von Seminarprotokollen ergeben. Der Fokus liegt auf methodischen Lösungsansätzen, die exemplarisch an Editionsvorhaben von Texten des 18. bis 20. Jahrhunderts vorgeführt werden. Damit bildet der Band ein Kompendium, von dem weitere editorische Forschung ausgehen kann. Frank Grunert und Holger Glinka eröffnen den Band, indem sie am Beispiel der Edition einer Nachschrift der Grotius-Vorlesung von Christian (...) Wolff zeigen, dass professionell hergestellte Nachschriften auf eine besondere wissenssoziologische Situation hinweisen: Mit der zunehmenden Emanzipation der Vorlesungen von kanonischen Lehrbüchern hat die Vorlesung selbst Lehrbuchcharakter entwickelt, der den Zugzwang ihrer Hörer noch verstärkt, sich des von Professoren gesprochenen Wortes schriftlich zu vergewissern. Der Handel mit Nachschriften hat hier seinen Grund wie in der Überlieferung besonders elaborierter Manuskripte in den Nachlässen adeliger und vermögender Häuser. Werner Stark stellt die problematische Funktion von Nachschriften als vermeintlicher Stütze für weitgehend ungeschriebene Werke am Beispiel von Kants Physischer Geographie in der Ausgabe Rink heraus und teilt damit spezifische Erfahrungen mit den älteren Editionen von Nachschriften Kantischer Vorlesungen in Königsberg mit. Holden Kelm rekonstruiert im historischen Vergleich, wie unterschiedliche Editionsstandards und v. a. Absichten ihren Autor gerade in der Rekonstruktion seiner Lehre jeweils neu konstitutieren, sodass ein editorisch manifestes theologisches Interesse an Schleiermacher zunehmend von einem philosophischen abgelöst wird. Annette Sell spürt anhand der Edition der Vorlesungsnachschriften zu Hegels Logik der Frage nach Hegels möglicherweise eigenen Überlieferungsabsichten seines in seiner Bewegung vorgetragenen Werkes nach. Johannes Korngiebel nimmt eine Nachschrift zu Friedrich Schlegels Jenaer Vorlesung zur Transcendentalphilosophie von 1800/01 zum Anlass, die Leistungsfähigkeit einer textkritischen Auswertung von Vorlesungsnachschriften für die Edition exemplarisch darzustellen. Christoph Binkelmann teilt aus der Werkstatt Schellings die editorischen Herausforderungen mit, die dessen Vorlesungen über Philosophie der Kunst bedeuten. Daniel Elon beleuchtet Schopenhauers Versuche als Dozent, wie sie sich in den Manuskripten zu dessen Vorlesung von 1820 darstellen. Francisco Arenas-Dolz nimmt Nietzsche als Universitätslehrer ernst und vertieft anhand der Edition der Vorlesung,,Einleitung in das Studium der klassischen Philologie" die Reflexionen über das Verhältnis von Vorlesungen und den sie begleitenden Textarten. Windelbands vor wenigen Jahren in Sendai wiederaufgefundene Manuskripte zur Vorbereitung von Lehrveranstaltungen und Publikationsvorhaben sind Gegenstand von Jörn Bohrs Beitrag. Andrea Leubin und Monika Philippi gewähren einen Einblick in die Edition von Vortragsnachschriften innerhalb der Rudolf Steiner Gesamtausgabe. Max Webers Manuskripte für Vorlesungen dienen Sophia Krebs und Ulrich Rummel als Fallbeispiel für das Ermitteln und Belegen von Krypto-Zitaten und Paraphrasen, einem Hauptgegenstand editorischen Kommentierens. Mit Thomas Kessels Beitrag zu Nicolai Hartmanns Circelprotokollen wird das 20. Jahrhundert in den Blick genommen, als in den Seminaren und Kolloquien die Form des Protokolls Einzug hielt. Dirk Braunstein liefert eingehende Reflexionen über den möglichen Sinn der Begriffe,Autorschaft' und,Authentizität' in der Editionspraxis solcher Seminarprotokolle. - Beigefügt ist eine Bibliographie zum Thema Edition von Kollegheften, Kollegnachschriften und Protokollen. (shrink)

Reseña de: Arenas-Dolz, Francisco y Gallegos Salazar, Daniela (eds.) (2009), El ciudadano democrático. Reflexiones éticas para una educación intercultural, Madrid, Plaza y Valdés.

Related to the research of working conditions, the link between organizational factors and health was traditionally analyzed using linear models. However, the literature analysis suggests inconsistencies in linear models predicting workers’ health levels. To clarify this issue, this exploratory research compares the linear and non-linear relationships between job demands-resources, and the psychological and physical symptoms of employees working in the main five service subsectors: commerce, horeca, public administration, education, and healthcare. With a final sample of 4,047 participants, our study data (...) were extracted from the II Andalusian Working Conditions Survey. Following the theoretical framework of JD-R Model and considering the Vitamin Model theoretical approach for non-linear relationships, our results showed that there were significant differences among the five subsectors analyzed regarding the linear and non-linear relationships between job demands-resources and psychological and physical symptoms of employees. Furthermore, task complexity generated non-linear relationships in higher proportion than time pressure and contact with users. Likewise, non-linear relationships found showed a U-shape. Moreover, the findings of non-linear relationships suggested that medium levels of task complexity should not be exceeded to avoid further negative impact on psychological and physical symptoms for service sector employees, preserving their health. Finally, some general practical implications of work environment interventions are suggested. (shrink)

Este ensayo es consecuencia de las reflexiones que desde hace años realizamos en el Instituto de Paz y Conflictos de la Universidad de Granada y que nos ha obligado a hacer una deconstrucción crítica de algunos aspectos del pensamiento pacifista. Bien es cierto que la supervivencia de la especie ha sido posible porque la respuesta a la conflictividad ha sido, mayoritariamente, la búsqueda de equilibrios dinámicos y de armonía. Pero, a pesar de todo, perviven muchas grietas, rupturas, dadas por la (...) propia contingencia y fragilidad humanas. Estamos ante unos entes humanos fragmentados, violentados, lo que hace más difícil la búsqueda de la armonía o la paz. Estas dificultades son razones de peso para trabajar en el camino de una «desfragmentación» ontológica que sea útil para liberar nuestras fuerzas emancipadoras y creativas. Construir la visión integrada y unitaria de la Ciencia de los Seres Humanos es una tarea conjunta que interesa sobremanera a la Investigación para la Paz.This essay is a consequence of the reflections we have been conducting for several years at the Instituto de Paz y Conflictos of the University of Granada. These reflections have obliged us to undertake a critical deconstruction of a few aspects of pacifist thought. Although the survival of the species has been possible because the response to conflicts has been, principally, the search for dynamic equilibrium and harmony; on the other hand there remain many fissures, ruptures brought about by the own human contingency and fragility. We find ourselves before a fragmented and distorted human being, which makes the search for harmony or peace even more difficult. These difficulties are convincing reasons for working towards an ontological “defragmentation” which is useful to liberate our emancipating and creative forces. To build the integrated and united view of Human Sciences is a collective task which is of great interest for Peace Research. (shrink)

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs), are quite complex in terms of organizational structure, diversity at the workplace, as well as motivational mechanisms and values rationality. Nevertheless, from an Organizational Psychology perspective, the systematic analysis of this context is scarce in the literature, particularly regarding conflicts. This qualitative study analyzes types, prevalence and consequences of conflicts in a large NPO organization considering as theoretical framework several consolidated Organizational Psychology theories: Conflict Theory, Social Comparison Theory and the Equity Theory. Conflicts were analyzed taking into (...) account volunteers’ perspective, who has been consistently protagonist on NPOs research, but also considering paid staff’s perspective, as one of the main stakeholders in these organizations, whose relative power has increase in the past decade due the professionalization of the NPO’s sector. Results confirmed the existence of four types of conflicts: task, process, status and relationship conflicts. Relationship conflict is the least reported type, revealing the protection factor that values and engagement with a social aim have on this organizational context. The most relevant finding is the strong difference between paid staff and volunteers in conflict perceptions, showing paid staff, overall, higher levels of conflicts than volunteers. Findings also show stronger negative consequences for paid staff compared to volunteers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (shrink)

Envelhecer traz em si significações negativas que se agravam em situação de reclusão. Os procedimentos metodológicos pautaram-se em estudo bibliográfico e pesquisa em banco de dados. Os artigos encontrados foram organizados, analisados, chegando à conclusões como a falta de pesquisas sobre a mulher idosa encarcerada. Por isso, foi realizada a entrevista semi-estruturada com uma senhora sentenciada à privação de liberdade em São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados da pesquisa revelaram que a vida em regime fechado é precária para a mulher idosa (...) e, que se faz necessário repensar as políticas públicas priorizando medidas educativas e artísticas no ambiente prisional. (shrink)

O presente artigo discute acerca da evolução das democracias ocidentais no sentido de defender que a consolidação do Estado liberal implicou na negação da sociedade civil e seus movimentos enquanto respectivamente o espaço político e os sujeitos políticos da transformação social por excelência. Ele busca defender que a modernidade política somente foi possível porque a sociedade civil e seus movimentos constituíram-se respectivamente como a arena política por excelência e como os sujeitos políticos por excelência, contra a política e os atores (...) políticos institucionalizados em termos de Antigo Regime. Nesse sentido, a intuição que persigo, ao defender que com o Estado liberal clássico vitorioso nós temos a anulação do potencial político da sociedade civil e de seus movimentos, está em que a estruturação política e social das democracias de massa do capitalismo de regulação estatal, caudatárias desse movimento histórico constituído pelo Estado liberal clássico e pela economia de laissez-faire, apresenta exatamente essa configuração de democracia social e de anulação da democracia política. (shrink)

The main goal of this paper is to argue that Anglo-American philosophy and Continental philosophy should work together within the arena of the philosophy of sport. To do so, the concept “communicative community”, which is found in Habermas’ and Apel’s discursive ethics, will be analyzed and applied to sports. As several authors, such as Raúl Sebastian Solanes, Robert L. Simon and William J. Morgan, have done this task before, I will critically analyze their proposals. In so doing, I will show (...) that in order to make sense of contemporary sports we need a more integrative communicative sporting community than the ones proposed so far in the literature. (shrink)

El uso descriptivo que exhibe la categoría de “normalidad filosófica” en el discurso de Francisco Romero sintetiza las representaciones y expectativas que el campo filosófico argentino tenía del desarrollo de la disciplina en el medio local, mostrándose como un índice de su propia experiencia histórica en tanto colectivo social. Las tensiones de esa experiencia se expresan en una paradoja inscripta dentro de la categoría, según la cual la situación presente de la filosofía en Iberoamérica se concibe a la vez (...) como una continuidad y como una novedad respecto del pasado filosófico. Esa paradoja acaba revelándose como un síntoma de las operaciones retóricas que están a la base del uso descriptivo de la categoría, y que apuntan a la fijación de una nueva identidad en la trama social del lenguaje, tal que aquel colectivo gane simbólicamente vida propia, legitimidad al interior de la cultura local y reconocimiento por parte del resto de las esferas sociales. Francisco Romero’s descriptive use of the term “philosophical normality” synthesizes the representations and hopes that the Argentinean philosophical field had regarding its own development in the local arena. So this term is an expression of the historical experience of this academic community, and shows the paradoxical tensions between continuity and change regarding the philosophical past. This paradox was a symptom of the rhetorical operations which underlay the descriptive use of “philosophical normality” and tried to establish a new identity in the social language. Consequently that field could symbolically obtain its vital strength, legitimacy in the local culture and the recognition from the other social spheres. (shrink)

The Embodied Mind provides a unique, sophisticated treatment of the spontaneous and reflective dimension of human experience.

This paper examines employees’ reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility programs at the attitudinal level. The results presented are drawn from an in-depth study of two Chilean construction firms that have well-established CSR programs. Grounded theory was applied to the data prior to the construction of the conceptual framework. The analysis shows that the implementation of CSR programs generates two types of attitudes in employees: attitudes toward the organization and attitudes toward society. These two broad types of attitudes can then be (...) broken down into four different categories : acceptance of the new role of the organization, identification with the organization, importance attached to the work performed and a sense of social justice. In turn, each of these categories is a grouping of many different concepts, some of which have at first sight little to do with CSR. Finally, the analysis reveals an attitudinal employee typology: the committed worker, the indifferent worker, and the dissident worker. (shrink)

This research uses a survey to analyze types of benefits sought by partners in cross-sector collaborations in Spain and to test and build upon theories that indicate prior collaboration experience and partner alignment will positively affect value creation through the collaboration. Using exploratory factor analysis to operationalize a broad range of potential benefits into more specific concepts, the results of this study identify distinct factors that characterize the types of benefits sought by non-profit organizations and businesses engaged in cross-sector collaborations. (...) Findings show that prior experience and alignment positively affect each factor for value creation. Prior experience is also found to influence the type of benefits sought from cross-sector collaborations and to positively affect alignment in terms of mission and strategy. Unexpectedly, the study also finds that prior experience moderates the effect of alignment on value creation. (shrink)

How can science be brought to connect with experience? This book addresses two of the most challenging problems facing contemporary neurobiology and cognitive science. Firstly, understanding how we unconsciously execute habitual actions as a result of neurological and cognitive processes that are not formal actions of conscious judgment but part of a habitual nexus of systematic self-organization. Secondly, attempting to create an ethics adequate to our present awareness that there is no such thing as a transcendental self, a stable subject (...) or soul. The author combines researches in cognitive science and phenomenology with two representatives of what he calls the 'wisdom traditions': Confucianism and Buddhist epistemology. (shrink)

The core niche for language use is in verbal interaction, involving the rapid exchange of turns at talking. This paper reviews the extensive literature about this system, adding new statistical analyses of behavioral data where they have been missing, demonstrating that turn-taking has the systematic properties originally noted by Sacks et al. (1974 ; hereafter SSJ). This system poses some significant puzzles for current theories of language processing: the gaps between turns are short (of the order of 200 ms), but (...) the latencies involved in language production are much longer (over 600 ms). This seems to imply that participants in conversation must predict (or ‘project’ as SSJ have it) the end of the current speaker’s turn in order to prepare their response in advance. This in turn implies some overlap between production and comprehension despite their use of common processing resources. Collecting together what is known behaviorally and experimentally about the system, the space for systematic explanations of language processing for conversation can be significantly narrowed, and we sketch some first model of the mental processes involved for the participant preparing to speak next. (shrink)

The current human rights framework can shield people from many of the risks associated with neurotechnological applications. However, it has been argued that we need either to articulate new rights or reconceptualise existing ones in order to prevent some of these risks. In this paper, we would like to address the recent discussion about whether current reconceptualisations of the right to mental integrity identify an ethical dimension that is not covered by existing moral and/or legal rights. The main challenge of (...) these proposals is that they make mental integrity indistinguishable from autonomy. They define mental integrity in terms of the control we can have over our mental states, which seems to be part of the authenticity condition for autonomous action. Based on a fairly comprehensive notion of mental health (ie, a notion that is not limited to the mere absence of illness), we propose an alternative view according to which mental integrity can be characterised both as a positive right to (medical and non-medical) interventions that restore and sustain mental and neural function, and promote its development and a negative right protecting people from interventions that threaten or undermine these functions or their development. We will argue that this notion is dissociated from cognitive control and therefore can be adequately distinguished from autonomy. (shrink)

Traditionally, the field of science and technology studies (STS) considered the scientific laboratory as the central site of knowledge production and technological development. While providing rich analyses of the social construction of scientific knowledge and the role of non-human actors, STS scholars have often neglected the university – the very context in which laboratories themselves are embedded – as a relevant object of research. In this paper, we argue for re-introducing the university as a relevant category and object of analysis (...) by using the notion of epistemic virtues to link epistemic culture – traditionally the focus of STS – and epistemic structure – traditionally the focus of higher education studies. Advancing this line of argumentation, we make three analytical moves. First, we explore academic freedom as a specific version of negative liberty that extends beyond disciplinary boundaries. We suggest that academics continuously negotiate academic freedom considering culturally and socially situated epistemic virtues such as objectivity and neutrality. Second, we introduce the notion of humility to revisit scientific knowledge production more generally and academic freedom in particular. Finally, we argue that practicing humility leads to enacting the university as an infrastructure of becoming otherwise, thereby enriching our understanding of universities as distinct and highly complex social spaces with a logic of their own. (shrink)

Environmental issues involve a wide range of actors often brought together in processes of collaborative environmental governance. Nonetheless, such actors frequently disagree on the definition of these issues. Even sharing an environmental concern does not preclude disagreements. This paper takes the concept of ecological embeddedness—so far analyzed in a single community—to explore differences of views among actors involved in collaborative environmental governance. It does so by pursuing a qualitative study of French River Basin Committees. Our findings show that Basin Committee (...) members take radically different approaches to ecological matters and therefore put forward opposing diagnoses and prognoses of their shared ecological context. We identify three dimensions of ecological embeddedness that are critical for collaborative governance, namely: ecological engagement; ecological ontology; and ecological knowledge. Our results indicate that different forms of ecological embeddedness can fuel long-lasting disagreements despite members’ shared appreciation of collaboration. This is especially so if the deliberations focus on ‘facts’—with actors pitting their ecological knowledge against one another—without facilitating discussions on ecological engagement and ontology. (shrink)

This article argues that considering cross-sector collaborations through the lens of indigenous-corporate engagements yields a more comprehensive understanding of the range of cross-sector engagement types, emphasizes the importance of cross-cultural bridge building which has received little attention in the literature :849–873, 2005), and highlights the potential for innovation via collaborations with fringe stakeholders. The study offers a more overarching typology of cross-sector collaborations and, building on an ethical approach to sustainable development with indigenous peoples, proposes a theoretical framework for cross-cultural (...) bridge building between businesses and fringe stakeholders. By incorporating this framework into the literature on value creation in cross-sector collaborations, we suggest a model for value creation in cross-sector collaborations with fringe stakeholders. Finally, using case studies to illustrate the article’s theoretical arguments, we demonstrate the model’s usefulness for the analysis and development of indigenous-corporate collaborations. (shrink)

Religious organisations are major investors with sometimes substantial investment volumes. An important question for them is how to make investments in, and to earn returns from, companies and activities that are consistent with their religious beliefs or that even support these beliefs. Religious organisations have pioneered responsible investment. Yet little is known about their investment attitudes. This article addresses this gap by studying faith consistent investing. Based on a survey complemented by interviews, we investigate religious organisations’ attitudes towards responsible investment (...) including opinions, practices and the impediments for implementing faith consistent investing. Although our results cannot be generalised because of the non-random character of our sample, six main characteristics of faith consistent investing are drawn: investing is not perceived as being in contradiction with religious values, religious values are important drivers, there is a strong community around faith consistent investing, religious investors are pioneering impact investing, implementing faith consistent investing is not without difficulties, and practices vary across regions. The survey also reveals that faith consistent investing has many commonalities with secular responsible investors. (shrink)

Increased concern for the environment has increased the number of investment opportunities in mutual funds specialized in promoting responsible environmental attitudes. This article examines the performance and risk sensitivities of US green mutual funds vis-à-vis their conventional peers. We also analyze and compare this performance relative to other socially responsible investing (SRI) mutual funds. In order to implement this analysis, we apply a CAPM-based methodology and find that in the 1987–2009 period, environ- mental funds had lower performance than conventional funds (...) with similar characteristics. However, if we focus on a more recent period (2001–2009), green funds achieved adjusted returns not significantly different from the rest of SRI and conventional mutual funds. (shrink)

Resumen: En este artículo argumentamos que, el hecho de que hubo ciudadanos prominentes de diferentes ciudades griegas que adhirieron al epicureísmo, se sintieron epicúreos y fueron reconocidos como tales, muestra que slogans como “vive oculto” y “no participes en política”, que sugieren un completo apoliticismo por parte de Epicuro y los epicúreos, tergiversan el verdadero sentido del mantenerse alejado de la política contingente. Nuestro texto muestra la interacción entre Epicuro y los epicúreos y las ciudades griegas, a través del análisis (...) de documentos relacionados con distintas ciudades antiguas. Si lo que argumentamos es razonable, la idea habitual de que el epicureísmo recomienda la apoliticidad, debe ser desechada.: In this paper, we argue that the fact that there were prominent citizens of different Greek cities who adhered to Epicureanism, felt themselves Epicurean, and were recognized as such, shows that slogans such as “live unnoticed” and “do not participate in politics” misrepresent the true meaning of the Epicurean staying away from contingent politics. Our article shows the interaction between Epicurus and the Epicureans and the Greek cities through the analysis of documents related to different ancient cities. If what we argue is sound, the usual idea that Epicureanism recommends apoliticism must be discarded. (shrink)

This case study illustrates the dilemmas facing multinational companies in meeting social challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. It also discusses the purpose, responsibilities and limitations of business involvement in social development. From a business standpoint, social challenges in developing countries differ greatly from those in nations where governments or markets effectively provide for the population’s health needs. The case illustrates what led a multinational to set up a corporate foundation and focuses on three strategic and operational dilemmas it ran up against. (...) The case discussion shows that the ethical issues intertwined with these dilemmas are best understood using a variety of ethical approaches. We also show that Ethics of Care are just as relevant to analysing corporate social responsibility and corporate philanthropy as the Deontological and Utilitarianism theories commonly used in business ethics. (shrink)